Background:

To respond to the ongoing the Diane Abbott furore it is important to provide some historical context.

In June 2021 a Texas House Bill [3979], and its companion bill — Senate Bill [2202] were signed into law. It is one of the many nationwide, and t…Read More

In the summer of 2020, there was a rise in the Black Lives Matter [BLM] movement in the United States [a decentralized political and social movement] which initially began as a campaign to combat police brutality towards African Americans.

Despite the protests subsiding,…Read More

Introduction and timeline

Ancient Africa was not isolated from the old world.

Historical and archaeological research provides a firm understanding of the ancient trans-saharan trade, from approximately 4000 B.C (long prior to the 1st century C.E; and described as beginning with the age of African metallurgy in the case of Senegal),…Read More