[جوليان كول]

Although the concept of diaspora bonds holds strong appeal, its notable success has been observed just in two nations: Israel and India.

 

The viability of such programs is plausible, but not assured.

 

Crucially, the success of a diaspora bond initiative is contingent upon the homeland’s [ie; Africa’s] effective establishment of grassroots connections and proactive engagement with its diverse diaspora.

 

As both the diaspora and the homeland undergo adaptive processes and engage in reciprocal learning, the evolution of mutual trust becomes pivotal.

 

Ultimately, it is this trust that serves as the decisive factor in determining the success or failure of a diaspora bond or any analogous relational program.

 

ج.